Natural language understanding (NLU) is one of the hottest research topics in artificial intelligence, aiming to explore how computers understand human language to complete various text- and semantics-related tasks. In recent years, pre-training language models from Google and Baidu have achieved exciting breakthroughs in NLU. In this session, we will explore some basic challenges with NLU, present Baidu’s latest research projects to address these challenges, and share examples of the implementation of NLU in real-world scenarios.